Leusiini ja fenyylialaniini

[Hardcore]

Life Sci. 2007 Jun 13;81(1):31-9. Epub 2007 Apr 24.Click here to read Links
Effects of leucine and phenylalanine supplementation during intermittent periods of food restriction and refeeding in adult rats.
Donato J Jr, Pedrosa RG, de Araújo JA Jr, Pires IS, Tirapegui J.

Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, bloco 14, 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Although many studies have shown that amino acid ingestion acutely stimulates protein anabolism, only few studies have investigated whether long-term supplementation promotes changes in body composition. We therefore tested the hypothesis that l-leucine (LEU) and l-phenylalanine (PHE) supplementation might have a positive impact on the body composition of rats submitted to intermittent periods of food restriction and refeeding (weight cycling or WC). The WC protocol comprised three cycles, each consisting of 1 week of 50% food restriction followed by 2 weeks of ad libitum ingestion. The groups submitted to WC ingested the control diet (WC-CON) or the diet supplemented with LEU+PHE (WC-AA). A pair-fed group receiving the control diet (PF-CON) was used as a reference for the effects of WC. Although food intake was the same in all groups, higher body weight and energy efficiency were observed in the WC-AA group compared to the PF-CON and WC-CON groups although not significantly in relation to the latter. These results were the consequence of a significant increase of lean body mass and body protein content in the WC-AA group compared to the PF-CON and WC-CON groups. The WC-CON and WC-AA groups presented 36.1% and 18.9% more body fat, respectively, than the PF-CON group but this difference was not significant. Neither fasting insulin nor glucose concentration nor postprandial insulin secretion was significantly affected by the supplemented diet. In conclusion, supplementation with LEU+PHE improved the body composition profile of rats submitted to WC, mainly by increasing lean body mass and body protein content.

[Pacifique]

Moni puhuu, että Leusiini olisi aminohapoista se toimivin, jos ostetaan erikseen..
Onko tästä nyt sitten ollut selvästi hyötyä, siis sillälailla, että sen huomaisi jotenkin? :rolleyes: Vai kannattaako rahat pistää suoraan esim. BCAA valmisteeseen, mistä myös leusiini löytyy?

Edit. Tutkimustulokset puhuvat hyvää Leusiinista, mutta miten on käytännössä?

[Hulkki]

Moni puhuu, että Leusiini olisi aminohapoista se toimivin, jos ostetaan erikseen..
Onko tästä nyt sitten ollut selvästi hyötyä, siis sillälailla, että sen huomaisi jotenkin? :rolleyes: Vai kannattaako rahat pistää suoraan esim. BCAA valmisteeseen, mistä myös leusiini löytyy?Nortonin mukaan pelkästään yhden BCAA-aminon nauttiminen voi kuluttaa loput BCAA:t verenkierrosta, joten kannattaa kuulemma ottaa kaikkia samalla kertaa (tai esim. lisätä leusiinia heraan):

"leucine is the active component, but i would take BCAAs as if you take just one BCAA it tends to deplete your plasma levels of the others"

[Pacifique]

(tai esim. lisätä leusiinia heraan)

Tuo onkin pistänyt silmään, että monet lisäävät leusiinia suoraan palautusjuomaan sekä ennen treeniä otettavaan heradrinksuun. Mutta edelleenkin mietin onko tuosta sitten oikeasti hyötyä. BCAA valmiste ennen/jälkeen treenin on ainakin "mainostettu" toimivan, mutta onkohan tuossakaan mitään järkeä offilla, kun koneessa on koko ajan protua ja hiilaria. :rolleyes: Ja ilmeisesti tabletti muodossa noita saa syödä aikamoisen määrän.

Varmasti porukalla on leusiinia käytössä, tähän trediin voi varmaankin laittaa myös kokemuksia tuotteesta. Minkään rottakokeiden tms. perusteella en kyllä rahojani laita lisäravinteisiin, mutta jos joku on huomannut selkeää eroa esim. palautumisessa tai jotain muuta leusiinin käyttöönoton jälkeen, niin suu puhtaaksi. :p Ja kun tredissä on aminohapoista kyse, niin varmaan voi tuosta BCAA:stakin puhua myös.

[Hardcore]

Lihasarkuus vähenee ainakin.

[Hulkki]

Mutta edelleenkin mietin onko tuosta sitten oikeasti hyötyä. BCAA valmiste ennen/jälkeen treenin on ainakin "mainostettu" toimivan, mutta onkohan tuossakaan mitään järkeä offilla, kun koneessa on koko ajan protua ja hiilaria. :rolleyes:Yleisesti ottaen laillisista lisäravinteista on suurin hyöty nimenomaan miinuskaloreilla, plussalla taas riittää pitkälti palautusjuoma, kreatiini sekä käytännöllisyytensä vuoksi lisäprotsku. Itse tosin vetelen BCAA:ta treenin jälkeen myös bulkkikaudella.Minkään rottakokeiden tms. perusteella en kyllä rahojani laita lisäravinteisiinVaikka Hardcore postittikin jonkun rottakokeen abstractin, on BCAA:n hyödyllisyydestä käsittääkseni melko laajaa ja vankkaa näyttöä ihan urheilevilla ihmisilläkin.

[Hardcore]

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Aug;97(6):664-72. Epub 2005 Oct 29.Click here to read Links
Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on exercise performance.
Crowe MJ, Weatherson JN, Bowden BF.

Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. Melissa.Crowe@jcu.edu.au

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), particularly leucine, have been suggested to be ergogenic for both endurance and strength/power performance. This study investigated the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on the exercise performance of outrigger canoeists. Thirteen (ten female, three male) competitive outrigger canoeists [aged 31.6 (2.2) year, VO(2max) 47.1 (2.0) ml kg(-1) min(-1)] underwent testing before and after 6-week supplementation with either capsulated L: -leucine (45 mg kg(-1) d(-1); n = 6) or placebo (cornflour; n = 7). Testing included anthropometry, 10 s upper body power and work and a row to exhaustion at 70-75% maximal aerobic power where perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR) and plasma BCAA and tryptophan concentrations were assessed. Leucine supplementation resulted in significant increases in plasma leucine and total BCAA concentrations. Upper body power and work significantly increased in both groups after supplementation but power was significantly greater after leucine supplementation compared to the placebo [6.7 (0.7) v. 6.0 (0.7) W kg(-1)]. Rowing time significantly increased [77.6 (6.3)-88.3 (7.3) min] and average RPE significantly decreased [14.5 (1.5)-12.9 (1.4)] with leucine supplementation while these variables were unchanged with the placebo. Leucine supplementation had no effect on the plasma tryptophan to BCAA ratio, HR or anthropometric variables. Six weeks' dietary leucine supplementation significantly improved endurance performance and upper body power in outrigger canoeists without significant change in the plasma ratio of tryptophan to BCAA.

PMID: 16265600 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000 Sep;40(3):240-6.Links
Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged exercise.
Coombes JS, McNaughton LR.

Centre for Human Movement, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia. Jeff.Coombes@utas.edu.au

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on serum indicators of muscle damage after prolonged exercise. We hypothesized that BCAA supplementation would reduce the serum activities of intramuscular enzymes associated with muscle damage. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, sixteen male subjects were assigned to one of two groups: the supplemental group (consuming 12 g x d(-1) BCAA for 14 d in addition to their normal diet) or the control group (normal diet only). Baseline serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), shown to be accurate indicators of muscle damage, were determined during the week before the exercise test. The exercise test was administered on day seven and required the subjects to cycle for 120 min on an ergometer at approximately 70% VO2max. Blood samples were taken prior to and immediately following exercise and at 1 hr, 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d postexercise. All subjects were required have their diets analyzed daily during the 14 d. RESULTS: Dietary analyses indicated that all subjects consumed the recommended daily intake of BCAA (0.64 g x kg(-1)) in their normal diets. Baseline serum values for CK and LDH were not different between groups in the 7 d prior to the test (p>0.05). However there were significant increases (p<0.05) between the pre-exercise and postexercise values for LDH and CK until 5 d postexercise test. Importantly, the BCAA supplementation significantly reduced this change in LDH from 2hrs to 5 d posttest, and CK from 4 hrs to 5 d post-test (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that supplementary BCAA decreased serum concentrations of the intramuscular enzymes CK and LDH following prolonged exercise, even when the recommended intake of BCAA was being consumed. This observation suggests that BCAA supplementation may reduce the muscle damage associated with endurance exercise.

PMID: 11125767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;288(4):E645-53. Epub 2004 Nov 23.Click here to read Links
Combined ingestion of protein and free leucine with carbohydrate increases postexercise muscle protein synthesis in vivo in male subjects.
Koopman R, Wagenmakers AJ, Manders RJ, Zorenc AH, Senden JM, Gorselink M, Keizer HA, van Loon LJ.

Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. R.Koopman@HB.unimaas.nl

The present study was designed to determine postexercise muscle protein synthesis and whole body protein balance following the combined ingestion of carbohydrate with or without protein and/or free leucine. Eight male subjects were randomly assigned to three trials in which they consumed drinks containing either carbohydrate (CHO), carbohydrate and protein (CHO+PRO), or carbohydrate, protein, and free leucine (CHO+PRO+Leu) following 45 min of resistance exercise. A primed, continuous infusion of L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine was applied, with blood samples and muscle biopsies collected to assess fractional synthetic rate (FSR) in the vastus lateralis muscle as well as whole body protein turnover during 6 h of postexercise recovery. Plasma insulin response was higher in the CHO+PRO+Leu compared with the CHO and CHO+PRO trials (+240 +/- 19% and +77 +/- 11%, respectively, P < 0.05). Whole body protein breakdown rates were lower, and whole body protein synthesis rates were higher, in the CHO+PRO and CHO+PRO+Leu trials compared with the CHO trial (P < 0.05). Addition of leucine in the CHO+PRO+Leu trial resulted in a lower protein oxidation rate compared with the CHO+PRO trial. Protein balance was negative during recovery in the CHO trial but positive in the CHO+PRO and CHO+PRO+Leu trials. In the CHO+PRO+Leu trial, whole body net protein balance was significantly greater compared with values observed in the CHO+PRO and CHO trials (P < 0.05). Mixed muscle FSR, measured over a 6-h period of postexercise recovery, was significantly greater in the CHO+PRO+Leu trial compared with the CHO trial (0.095 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.061 +/- 0.008%/h, respectively, P < 0.05), with intermediate values observed in the CHO+PRO trial (0.0820 +/- 0.0104%/h). We conclude that coingestion of protein and leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis and optimizes whole body protein balance compared with the intake of carbohydrate only.

PMID: 15562251 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



J Strength Cond Res. 2006 May;20(2):284-91.Click here to read Links
Effects of leucine and whey protein supplementation during eight weeks of unilateral resistance training.
Coburn JW, Housh DJ, Housh TJ, Malek MH, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Johnson GO, Donlin PE.

Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834, USA. jcoburn@unlserve.unl.edu

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training in combination with a leucine and whey protein supplement or a carbohydrate placebo on strength and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Thirty-three men (mean age +/- SD = 22.4 +/- 2.4 years) were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) supplementation group (SUPP), (2) placebo group (PL), or (3) control group (CON). The SUPP and PL performed unilateral training of the leg extensor muscles with the nondominant limb for 8 weeks. The strength of each limb, muscle CSA of the quadriceps femoris (QF), and body composition were assessed pretraining and posttraining. The results indicated significant increases in strength for both limbs in the SUPP but only the trained limb in the PL. The increase in strength for the trained limb of the SUPP was greater than that for the trained limb of the PL. There was no significant increase in strength for either limb in the CON. There were significant increases in the CSA of all muscles of the QF of the trained limb for the SUPP and PL, and of the vastus lateralis of the untrained limb for the SUPP. The increases in QF CSA did not differ between the SUPP and PL. No significant CSA changes were found for either limb in the CON. There were no significant changes in body composition for the SUPP, PL, or CON. The current findings suggest that leucine and whey protein supplementation may provide an ergogenic effect which enhances the acquisition of strength beyond that achieved with resistance training and a carbohydrate placebo.

PMID: 16686554 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Ja yksi review-artikkeli:

Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16424141&ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_RVDocSum